What is nanotechnology?
-The term nanotechnology is often used to refer to almost any technology where some characteristic dimension is smaller than a micron
-First proposed by Feyman in 1960.
Nano scale
1 millimeter = 10^-3 m
1 micrometer = 10^-6 m
1 nanometer = 10^-9 m
Basic Theory
Most structures consistent with physical and chemical law can be manufactured inexpensively
Molecular manufacture revolve around two central concepts..
(1) Positional Control
(2)Self Replication
Positional control
At the macroscopic scale positional control as a part of manufacturing is natural.
Parts are moved from place to place and after being positioned appropriately w.r.t each other they are connected to each other.
At the molecular scale the most common method of assembling parts is some form of self assembly.
Molecular parts are stirred together and allowed to gyrate,bump,jostle and bang into each other under influence of thermal noise.
Positional control at the molecular scale requires some robotic devices for positioning the molecular parts.
Positioning molecular parts doesn't violate any fundamental laws of nature.
Self replication
-It lets us make things inexpensively.
-Human cell is self replicating…
-To build macroscopic structures which are molecular in precision we need mole quantities of positional devices.
-The devices will have to be small and their manufacture will have to be completely automated.
-A simple way of meeting these requirements is to embody the needed capabilities in a self replicating device called an assembler.
-An assembler can make copies of itself , a single assembler can manufacture a second ,those two can make two more …
Applications of Nanotechnology
1) Medical field
2) Killing cancer cells
3) Providing oxygen
4) Artificial mitochondria
5) Industrial field
6) Molecular bearings
7) I T field
8) Nanorobotics
Nanotechnology in Medical field
Cellular level damage cause ill health.
Modern surgery works due to the regrouping of cells.
Nanotechnology will let us build molecular tools smaller than human cell!!
These devices could
* remove obstructions in the circularly system.
* kill cancer cells
* function instead of sub cellular organelles
Nanotechnology will give us new instruments to examine tissue in unprecedented detail.
Sensors smaller than a cell would give us a close look at the ongoing function of a cell.
Nanotechnology in Killing cancer cells
-Nanotechnology provide us with small computer controlled devices capable of detecting and killing cancerous cells by selectively releasing some poison.
-Today’s monoclonal antibodies are able to bind to only a single type of antigen and is not effective against most cancers.
-The cancer killing devices could incorporate a dozen different binding sites and so could monitor the concentrations of a dozen different types of molecules.
-The computer controlled devices could determine if the concentration profile fit a pre-programmed cancerous profile and when a cancerous profile was encountered ,release the poison.
Nanotechnology in Providing oxygen
Oxygen for metabolic activities is provided by RBC.
Poor blood flow cause tissue damage.
Nanotechnology aids us in providing artifical RBC.
Oxygen is compressed to form microspheres.
Nanotechnology in Artifical mitochondria
Providing oxygen may not be sufficient to support metabolism in case of mitochondria failure.
Direct metabolic support is needed.
The direct release of ATP coupled with selective absorption or release of critical metabolites could support metabolism.
Nanotechnology in IT field
Nanotechnology help us to reduce the size of computers and increase its speed.
Effective modeling of Nano scale systems is possible with the help of computers.
Computer stimulations
experiments
results!!!!!!!!!
Nanorobotics
Theoretical microscopic devices which can traverse the human body.
Details of Nanorobotics
Exterior-carbon atoms.
Glucose and oxygen-propulsion source.
Connected to computer out side.
Flushed from the body on task completion
Advantages of Nanorobotics
Inexpensive strong and light materials.
Small and fast computers.
Quick and effective healing of diseases.
Nanorobots!
Even immortality!!!!
